With the continuous development of GPS positioning technology and the continuous improvement of positioning accuracy, GPS precise height measurement poses a challenge to traditional leveling height measurement. The biggest advantage of GPS height measurement compared to conventional leveling methods is that it is not limited by distance. The accuracy of GPS height difference has reached the accuracy of third order Levelling when the distance is more than 5~10km, and can approach the accuracy of second order leveling in a large range. The characteristics of GPS relative positioning, such as fast speed, high accuracy, all weather, and full automation, will make GPS leveling increasingly applicable. It is expected that GPS elevation will be widely applied in the following areas in the future.

　　1. GPS encryption for third and fourth order leveling

　　The workload of Levelling in mountainous and hilly areas is heavy, so GPS Levelling can be used for third and fourth order leveling densification.

　　2. GPS river crossing Levelling

　　In recent years, trigonometric leveling is often used in Levelling across wide waters. In fact, trigonometric leveling is often affected by errors such as atmospheric refraction, Vertical deflection or Geoid fluctuation.

　　With GPS relative positioning, the spanning distance is large and the precision is high. If the existing national benchmarks on one bank are used, a reasonable graph is selected to form a GPS leveling network (generally 3-5 points). In this way, the GPS geodetic elevation can be converted into normal elevation by using curve or surface fitting method, and its precision is completely guaranteed, but the trigonometric elevation is difficult to achieve.

　　3. GPS leveling for Deformation monitoring

　　The classic Deformation monitoring network usually surveys the horizontal deformation and elevation deformation separately. Due to various factors, it is unable to establish a high-precision three-dimensional Deformation monitoring network. Considering the intervisibility conditions and Propagation of uncertainty and other reasons, the monitoring network can not be deployed in a large range, and is permanently located in the deformation area. This makes it difficult to find stable benchmarks during deformation analysis, which affects the quality of deformation analysis.

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