For navigation and positioning, GPS satellites are dynamic known points. The position of the satellite is calculated based on the ephemeris (parameters that describe the satellite's motion and orbit) launched by the satellite. The ephemeris broadcast by each satellite is provided by the ground monitoring system. Whether various equipment on the satellite works normally and whether the satellite has been running along the predetermined orbit should be monitored and controlled by the ground equipment. Secondly, another important role of the ground monitoring system is to keep all satellites in the same Time standard, that is, the GPS time system.

　　The GPS signal receiver can capture the signals of the selected satellites to be tested at a certain cut-off angle of satellite height, track the operation of these satellites, transform, amplify, and process the received GPS signals, in order to measure the propagation time of the GPS signal from the satellite to the receiver antenna, interpret the navigation messages sent by the GPS satellite, and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates, even three-dimensional velocity and time of the test points in real-time.

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