The task of a GPS signal receiver is to capture the signals of the selected satellites to be tested at a certain cut-off angle of satellite height, track the operation of these satellites, transform, amplify, and process the received GPS signals, in order to measure the transmission time of the GPS signal from the satellite to the receiver antenna, interpret the navigation message sent by the GPS satellite, and calculate the three-dimensional position and even three-dimensional velocity and time of the measuring station in real time.

　　The navigation and positioning signals sent by GPS satellites are an information resource that can be shared by countless users. For users on land, in the ocean, and in space, as long as they have a receiving device that can receive, track, transform, and measure GPS signals, that is, a GPS signal receiver. GPS signals can be used for navigation, positioning, and measurement at any time. The GPS signal receivers required by different users for different purposes also vary. At present, there are dozens of factories in the world that produce hundreds of GPS receiver products. These products can be classified according to their principles, uses, functions, etc.

　　In static positioning, the GPS receiver is fixed and invariant during the process of capturing and tracking GPS satellites. The receiver accurately measures the propagation time of the GPS signal and uses the known position of the GPS satellite in orbit to calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the position of the receiver antenna. Dynamic positioning, on the other hand, uses a GPS receiver to determine the trajectory of a moving object. The moving object where the GPS signal receiver is located is called a carrier (such as a ship in flight, an aircraft in the air, a vehicle, etc.). The GPS receiver antenna on the carrier is relative to the Earth during the tracking process of the GPS satellite, and the receiver uses GPS signals to measure the state parameters (instantaneous 3D position and 3D velocity) of the moving carrier in real-time.

　　The receiver hardware, onboard software, and GPS data post-processing software package constitute a complete GPS user device. The structure of a GPS receiver is divided into two parts: an antenna unit and a receiving unit. For geodesic receivers, two units are generally divided into two independent components. When observing, the antenna unit is placed on the measuring station and the receiving unit is placed in a suitable place near the measuring station. The two units are connected to form a complete machine using cables. Some also place the antenna unit and receiving unit on the observation station when they are made into a whole for observation.

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