In 1994, the GPS system was basically completed, becoming a global shared spatial information resource and an important part of the spatial information system. Compared with other navigation and positioning technologies, GPS positioning technology has the following characteristics.

　　1. Continuous coverage in the global scope. Due to the large number of GPS satellites, their spatial distribution and operation cycle can be carefully designed to enable at least four satellites to be observed at any time in any place on the earth, so as to ensure all-weather continuous three-dimensional positioning in the global scope.

　　2. Realize real-time positioning. GPS positioning system can determine the three-dimensional coordinates and velocity loss of the moving carrier in real time, so as to monitor and correct the moving direction of the carrier in real time, avoid various adverse environments, and select the best route, which is difficult to achieve by many navigation and positioning technologies.

　　3. High positioning accuracy. High precision coordinate, velocity and time information of dynamic targets can be obtained by using GPS system, and relatively high positioning accuracy can be obtained for static targets on a large spatial scale. With the improvement of technical level, the positioning accuracy technology will be further improved.

　　4. High efficiency of static positioning observation. According to the different precision requirements, the GPS static observation time varies from several minutes to tens of days, and the data acquisition and data processing are basically completed automatically.

　　5. It is widely used. GPS has been successfully applied to many disciplines such as surveying and mapping, resource exploration, environmental protection, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, vehicle navigation and control, crustal movement monitoring, engineering deformation monitoring, geodynamics, etc. with its remarkable characteristics of all-weather, high-precision, automation, high efficiency, etc.

　　GPS consists of three parts: GPS satellite, GPS ground support system and GPS receiver

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