Because of its durability and relatively easy fabrication, the flat plate antenna has become the most widely used type of antenna. Its shape can be round, square or rectangular, just like a printed circuit board coated with copper. It is composed of one or more metal pieces, so the most common shape of GPS antenna is blocky knot, like a pancake. Because the antenna can be made very small, it is suitable for aviation applications and personal handheld applications.

　　Another major characteristic of an antenna is its gain pattern, that is, directivity. The directivity of the antenna can improve its ability to resist interference and multipath effects. In precise positioning, the stability of the phase center of the antenna is a very important index. However, in ordinary navigation applications, people hope to use omnidirectional antennas to receive at least the visible satellite signals in all the sky within a five degree field of view above the horizon of the antenna. However, when the flat antenna is directly above the antenna, the signal gain is maximum. There are two problems:

　　1. The receiving range of the flat panel is above the flat panel, and the flat panel should face the sky, which will cause trouble for both handheld and vehicle mounted. We can see that more and more CF receivers with adjustable angles (collapsible SDGPS) are available. It is because of the characteristics of the flat panel antenna that the manufacturer has come up with a solution to improve the receiving effect of the receiver.

　　2. We know that although the satellite signal overhead is relatively good and easy to lock, the satellite overhead is actually the most useless. If there is no low angle satellite, the error will be relatively high and the accuracy will be poor. Therefore, based on these shortcomings, the four arm spiral antenna is also used on the GPS receiver

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